公共英语3级精讲班第15讲讲义
　　Dialogue
　　Dialogue 1：
　　The two speakers are talking about how to arrange travels for holidays.
　　1. What do you think of package holiday?
　　你认为跟团旅游怎么样?
　　package holiday 跟团旅游
　　2. They are usually very cheap, but joining a crowd of noisy people and eating plastic food is not my idea of a holiday.
　　他们通常很便宜，但是和一群吵闹的人们在一起吃盒饭不是我理想的假日。
　　plastic food 盒饭
　　3. Are the resorts worth visiting?
　　这些景点值得参观吗?
　　1) resort 景点
　　2) be worth doing sth 值得做某事
　　The book is worth reading.
　　He felt that his life was no longer worth living.
　　4. There’s a good range of flights and prices aren’t too high.
　　那儿有很多航班，它们的价格也不高。
　　Monologue 1:
　　1. This is one year after the 9/11 attack. CNN correspondent Paula Sean is at Atlanta’s Hartsfield International Airport Friday morning, talking about people’s weekend traveling preceding Memorial Day.
　　这是9•11后的一年，CNN的记者保拉•丝英星期五早晨在亚特兰大的哈慈菲尔德国际机场谈论纪念日前人们周末旅游的情况。
　　preceding 在前面
　　2. We are seeing pretty healthy lines for this time of the morning, both at check-in outside and at the ticketing counters inside as well.
　　早晨这个时候我们看到很多航班都有很多的人，他们都等在外面的登机口盒里面的售票处。
　　1) check-in 登机口
　　2) ticketing counter 售票柜台
　　3. It is a far different world today than it was last Memorial Day, and what a year ago would have been perceived perhaps as an inconvenience is now being embraced as extra security checks,.
　　现在与上个纪念日的情况完全不同了。一年前被视为不便的事情现在被视为额外安全检查措施了。
　　1) perceive 意识到，注意到，观察到
　　I perceived that his behavior has changed.
　　We had perceived how the temperature fluctuated.
　　2) embrace 欣然接受或采取某人的意见
　　embrace an offer/opportunity
　　4. Even if there is any irritation from the long line or extra security checks, the passengers that we talked to so far aren’t showing it.
　　就算排长队和特殊安检会引起烦躁 ，我们到目前谈话的乘客还没有显示出来。
　　Monologue 2:
　　Ruth Roebke, a family consultant is talking about one thing that he and his family usually do during Christmas.
　　1. It is more blessed to give than to receive.
　　blessed 带来欢乐的，令人愉快的
　　给予比获得更快乐。
　　2. We have each helped in a different aspects as schedules and talents allowed.
　　在计划和才能允许的范围之内，我们都在不同的方面帮助了别人。
　　3. A volunteer committee organizes names, food and gifts; school children blitz the community asking for canned contribution; high school students raise money and collect food; the grocery store donates a variety of resources; one family decorates the gift boxes; home schooled children sort donations; local citizens buy presents for the children; and area veterans pack and distribute the groceries and gifts.
　　一个志愿者委员会组织了姓名，食物和礼物，学生冲向社区寻找灌装食品，中学生捐款收集食物，杂货店捐出了一些物品，一个家庭装饰了礼品盒，孩子们整理了捐献品，当地居民给孩子买了些礼物，当地退伍老兵包装并且发放了杂品和礼物。
　　Monologue 3:
　　Listen to Alison, who is talking over radio about the guided walking weekends and guided walking holidays.
　　1. Our groups are some of the smallest available with a maximum of 8 to 10 guests.
　　我们的群体是所知道的最小的，最多8到10个人。
　　2. Having met you, our guides David will tailor a list of places to be visited to suit you and your group, and your chosen holiday, in a relaxed manner.
　　见到你们之后，我们的导游将按照你们、你们的群体和你们选择的假日来修改你们要参观的地方。
　　3. This can be a common worry, but Foot Trails specializes in offering gentle paced, soft guided walking so you will feel relaxed and refreshed, definitely not exhausted.
　　这是最通常的顾虑，但是Foot Trails善于提供步伐平缓，比较舒适的远足活动，所以你将感觉放松、提神绝对不会筋疲力尽的。
　　4. Guests are often pleasantly surprised how they manage their walk with ease once in the company of a group when the pace is gentle, conversation kicks in and the scenery around you is inspirational!
　　顾客们经常会惊奇的发现他们步伐轻松，聊着天，欣赏着周围魅力的风景很轻松的就走完了所有的路程。
　　Passage
　　Passage
　　The Story of Mother’s Day
　　Background knowledge:
　　1. Earliest: spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the mother of the God
　　2. During the 1600’s, England celebrated a day called “Mother Sunday”. Celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent. “Mothering Sunday” honored the mothers of England.
　　3. As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor the “Mother Church” — the spiritual power that gave them life and protected them from harm.
　　4. In the United Stated Mother’s Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward as a day dedicated to peace. In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother’s Day. It was successful as by 1911 Mother’s Day was celebrated o almost every state. President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother’s Day as a national holiday that was to be held each year on the second Sunday of May.
　　5. Denmark, Finland Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May.
　　Language Points:
　　1. The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea.
　　最早的母亲节可追溯到古希腊为了纪念Rhea而进行的春季庆祝。
　　1) be traced back to 追溯到
　　The Mid-autumn Festival celebration can be traced back to Tang Dynasty.
　　2) in honor of 出于对某人或某物的敬意
　　a ceremony in honor of those killed in battle
　　2. On Mothering Sunday the servants would have the day off and were encouraged to returned home and spend the day with their mothers.
　　在这一天，仆人们可以放一天假，被鼓励回家和母亲共度假日。
　　3. A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive touch.
　　他们同样会带回家一种称为母亲节蛋糕的特殊糕点，让母亲在节日稍微的品尝一下。
　　4. Over the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday Celebration.
　　宗教节日和母亲节的庆祝混合在一起。
　　blend with 调和，协调，融合
　　Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape.
　　Their voices blend together with.
　　5. Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother’s Day.
　　嘉薇斯女士和她的追随者部长、商人、政治家写信，要求建立一个国际的母亲节。
　　Exercises
　　Exercises:
　　Part A
　　1. 第一段第一句“Since September 11, more than 51,000 people have volunteered with the American Red Cross to help the New York, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania areas recover from one of the most devastating disasters in United States history.”。
　　2. 第三段第三句“Amarante will spend the next few weeks providing gor the physical health needs of Red Cross clients, personnel and recovery workers at Ground Zero instead of being at home with her family over the holidays.
　　3. 第三段第二句 “She is one of sixteen Red Cross disaster workers from southeast Michigan who have been sent to help with the relief efforts.”
　　4. A 第五段第一句“Red Cross care teams continue to assist families who lost loved ones with financial needs and take the difficult steps toward recovery”。
　　B 第三段第三句“Amarante will spend the next few weeks providing gor the physical health needs of Red Cross clients”。
　　D 最后一段第二句“The Red Cross has served 12.8 million meals and snacks, provided crisis counseling for more than 194,8000 individuals”。
　　5. from the whole passage
　　Part B
　　6. 第一段第一句“Probably my favorite Christmas tradition growing up was doing Advent together as a family the four weeks prior to December 25.”。
　　7. 第二段第一句“One of my favorite holiday traditions is the decorating of the Christmas tree”。
　　8. 第三段第三句“This nor only allows the younger children to be involved, but also helps bring the story to life again for each of us as we visualize what took place on that special night so many years ago.”。
　　9. 第四段第一句“Our Christmas is especially special because one of my sisters was born on Christmas!”。
　　10. 第五段第一句“Over the last twenty years, we have enjoyed the tradition of making Christmas cards together.”。
　　句子的种类Ⅰ
　　句子的种类Ⅰ
　　(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
　　1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
　　Light travels faster than sound.　光比声速度快。　　(说明事实)
　　The film is rather boring.　这部电影很乏味。
　　(说明看法)
　　2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种：
　　a.　一般疑问句(General Questions)：
　　Can you finish the work in time?
　　你能按时完成工作吗?
　　b.　特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions)：
　　Where do you live?　你住那儿?
　　How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
　　c.　选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)：
　　Do you want tea or coffee?
　　你是要茶还是要咖啡?
　　d.　反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)：
　　He doesn't know her, does he?
　　他不认识她，对不对?
　　3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
　　Sit down, please.　请坐。
　　Don't be nervous!　别紧张!
　　4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
　　What good news it is!　多好的消息啊!
　　(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
　　1) 简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
　　She is fond of collecting stamps.　 她喜欢集邮。
　　(主)　 (谓)
　　2) 并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
　　The food was good, but he had little appetite.
　　(主)　　 (谓)　　　　　 (主)(谓)
　　食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
　　3) 复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
　　The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
　　主句　　　　　　 从句
　　我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
　　(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
　　1)主 + 动(SV)例如：
　　I work.　我工作。
　　2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如：
　　John is busy.　约翰忙。
　　3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如：
　　She studies English.　她学英语。
　　4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如：
　　Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
　　5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如：
　　My mother made me a new dress.　我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
　　1 祈使句结构
　　祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
　　1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
　　Take this seat.
　　Do be careful.
　　否定结构：
　　Don't move.
　　Don't be late.
　　2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
　　Let 的反意疑问句
　　a. Let's 包括说话者
　　Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
　　= Shall we have another try?
　　b.　Let us 不包括说话者
　　Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
　　= Will you please let us have another try?
　　否定结构：
　　Let's not talk of that matter.
　　Let us not talk of that matter.
　　2 感叹句结构
　　感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
　　what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
　　掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
　　How +形容词+ a +名词+　　　　　　　陈述语序
　　How+形容词或副词+　　　　　　　　　陈述语序
　　What +名词+　　　　　　　　　　　　陈述语序
　　What+a+形容词+名词+　　　　　　　　陈述语序
　　What+ 形容词+复数名词+　　　　　　 陈述语序
　　What+ 形容词+不可数名词+　　　　　 陈述语序
　　How clever a boy he is!
　　How lovely the baby is!
　　What noise they are making!
　　What a clever boy he is!
　　What wonderful ideas (we have)!
　　What cold weather it is!
　　感叹句的省略形式为：
　　What a clever boy (he is)!
　　典型例题
　　1)___ food you've cooked!
　　A. How a nice　　B. What a nice　　C. How nice　 D. What nice
　　答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
　　2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
　　A. What　 B. What a　　C. How　 D. How a
　　答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
　　3) --- _____ I had!
　　--- You really suffered a lot.
　　A. What a time　　B. What time　　 C. How a time　　 D. how time
　　答案A.　感叹句分两类：
　　1：What + n.+主谓部分
　　2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。